ABD Terörle Mücadele Stratejilerinde Taliban Hareketi
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Özet
Bu çalışma, 11 Eylül 2001 (9/11) terör saldırısı sonrası Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’nin küresel terörle savaşını Afganistan özelinde incelemektedir. Afganistan’a askeri müdahalenin başladığı tarihten itibaren hem El-Kaide hem de Taliban Hareketi, ABD’nin güvenlik doktrinlerinde öncelikli sorunsallardan biri haline geldi. Bu gruplarla mücadelede ABD iki farklı strateji izledi. İlk olarak el-Kaide’yle küresel mücadelesini sürdürdü ve örgütün kilit isimlerini etkisiz hale getirdi. Diğer strateji kapsamında da Afganistan’ın yeniden inşasına odaklandı. Bu çerçevede toplumsal tabanda Taliban hareketini meşrusuzlaşatırmaya çalıştı. Fakat 2004 yılından itibaren Taliban hem rejim güçlerine hem de ABD’ye karşı ülkede alansal hakimiyetini artırdı. Bu durum ABD’nin ülkeden çekilmesini zorlaştırdı ve Afganistan konusunda yeni sorunların ortaya çıkmasına neden oldu. Ayrıca uluslararası siyasal sistemde ortaya çıkan bazı gelişmeler de ABD’nin yeni bir Afganistan siyaseti uygulamaya zorladı. Değişen siyasi ajandayla birlikte, ABD 2010 yılında Talibanla diplomatik müzakerelere başladı ve 2020 yılında nihai anlaşmayla ülkeden çekilmeye karar verdi. İlgili makale tarihsel karşılaştırmalı metotla ABD’nin Taliban Hareketi’ne yönelik terörle mücadele stratejilerini ve hareketin yeniden siyasi aktör olma sürecini analiz etmektedir.
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