Küreselleşme: Bir Kavramın Anatomisi
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Özet
Yirminci yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren küreselleşme hem kamusal hem de akademik tartışmaların gündemine oturmuş bulunuyor. Sosyal bilimlerin farklı disiplinlerinde küreselleşme üzerine yapılan tartışmalarda birbirinden oldukça farklı hatta birbiri ile çelişen tezlere ve analizlere rastlıyoruz. Bu tür bir karmaşa aslında sadece sosyal bilimlerle sınırli da değil. Nitekim, popüler söylemde de “küreselleşme" ekonomik liberizasyon, Batılılaşma veya Amerikanlaşma, evrenselleşme, yeni enformasyon teknolojilerinin yaygınlaşması ve küresel toplum gibi birçok farklı anlamda kullanılmaktadır.
Bu durum küreselleşmenin aslında çok katmanlı ve karmaşık bir toplumsal olgu olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Küreselleşme esas olarak günümüzdeki toplumsal değişim ve bu değişimin niteliği üzerine yapılan tartışmalarda kullanılan bir kavramdır. Bu değişim bağlamında, sermaye/mal, enformasyon/fikirler, insanlar ve mekânlar gittikçe artan bir şekilde ulus aşırı dolaşım ağları aracılığıyla birbirine bağlanmaktadır. Dolaşım halinde olan insan, mal, sermaye ve enformasyon arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğu, küreselleşmenin yeni mi yoksa eski bir olgu mu olduğu, ulus-devlet için ne gibi sonuçlar doğuracağı yoğun olarak tartışılan konulardır. Küreselleşmenin emperyalizm, kültürel türdeşleşme ve Amerikanlaşma gibi eski kavramlarla nasıl bir ilgisi vardır? Küreselleşme daha fazla özgürlük ve demokrasi mi getirmektedir?
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